शक्ति पृथकीकरण

शक्ति पृथकीकरणको सिद्धान्त राज्यको सुशासनको एक प्रारुप हो। शक्ति पृथकीकरणको लागि राज्यको शक्तिलाई विभिन्न अङ्गहरूमा विभाजित गरिन्छ। यस अन्तर्गत प्रत्येक शाखालाई बेग्ला बेग्लै र स्वतन्त्र शक्ति प्रदान गरिन्छ। प्रायः यो विभाजन व्यवस्थापिका, कार्यपालिका तथा न्यायपालिकाको रुपमा गरिन्छ।

शक्ति पृथकीकरणको सिद्धान्त फ्रेन्च दार्शनिक मन्टेस्क्युले दिएका थिए। उनका अनुसार राज्यको शक्ति तीन भागमा विभाजन हुनु पर्छ, बिधानपालिका, कार्यपालिका तथा न्यायपालिका। यो सिद्धान्त राज्यलाई अधिनायकवादी हुनबाट बचाउँछ तथा व्यक्तिको स्वतन्त्रताको रक्षा गर्न सक्छ। अमेरिकाको संविधान यो सिद्धान्त अपनाउने पहिलो कानुनी दस्तावेज/ संविधान थियो।

अंगहरू

मुख्य अंग

अन्य अंग

सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू

↑ Some of constitutional courts are outside of conventional judiciary according to their judicial tradition, although they exercise power of judicial review as review on constitutionality. For example, Austrian constitutional court, which is world's first constitutional court established in 1919, constitutes Austrian judiciary. Also, German constitutional court is placed at the top of German judiciary. However, Spanish constitutional court is not a part of Spanish judiciary.
↑ Sometimes election commissions, tribunals or courts are maintained separately from other branches according to nation's constitutional tradition. For example, Bolivia has separate electoral branch from other branches of government.

[1] Some of constitutional courts are outside of conventional judiciary according to their judicial tradition, although they exercise power of judicial review as review on constitutionality. For example, Austrian constitutional court, which is world's first constitutional court established in 1919, constitutes Austrian judiciary. Also, German constitutional court is placed at the top of German judiciary. However, Spanish constitutional court is not a part of Spanish judiciary.

[2] Sometimes election commissions, tribunals or courts are maintained separately from other branches according to nation's constitutional tradition. For example, Bolivia has separate electoral branch from other branches of government.

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