ढाँचा:Citation

ढाँचा कागजात[हेर्नुहोस्] [सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्] [इतिहास] [ताजा गर्नुहोस्]

For the  ^{[वृत्तान्त आवश्यक]} template, see {{citation needed}}.

The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used. As with other citation templates, this template can be used either in a footnote (between <ref>...</ref> tags) or in a section that lists sources. This template uses the same Lua code as citation style 1 (CS1) templates with parameters to change the displayed format to citation style 2 (CS2).

If the correct parameters are used, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}, with one important exception: By default, this Citation template uses commas in places where the Cite templates use periods (full stops) by default; either type of template can use periods (full stops) or commas by using an optional parameter.

Regardless of which citation templates are used or even if none are used at all, all citations should have the same format throughout an article in the saved, rendered text.

Notes:

• All parameter names must be lowercase.
• Invisible unicode space characters (see list) will return an error message. Non-intentional invisible characters should be removed; intentional ones should be replaced with their corresponding HTML entity (e.g. ​).

Simple citations

This section covers the most commonly used parameters. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra parameters from the full list. Spacing and ordering of the parameters within the template is irrelevant and does not affect the final, rendered text.

{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |access-date=}}

{{Citation | last = | first = | year = | title = | publisher = | publication-place = | page = | url = | access-date = }}

• last: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with the author parameter.
• first: The author's first or given name(s).
• year: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation, unless |date= specifies both month and year.
• title: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references.
• publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press. Not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own Wikipedia article (e.g. Newsweek, Billboard).
  • publication-place (or place or location): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. Omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location (e.g. The New York Times, The Times of India)
• page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages.
• url: A url of an online location where the item can be found. If the url includes double quotes, these must be encoded as "%22".
  • access-date: Date when the url was accessed.

Example

ढाँचा:Tj

Turner, Orsamus (१८५१), History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve, Rochester, New York: William Alling, ओएल 7120924W।

Full citation parameters

These can be used for all types of publication. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.

{{Citation | author = | last = | first = | author2 = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link = | author2-link = | author-separator = | author-name-separator = | author-mask = | editor = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor2 = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | editor-link = | editor2-link = | translator-last = | translator-first = | translator-link = | translator2-last = | translator2-first = | translator2-link = | others = | publication-date = | date = | year = | orig-date = | title = | chapter = | chapter-url = | chapter-format = | contribution = | contribution-url = | type = | journal = | periodical = | newspaper = | magazine = | encyclopedia = | work = | edition = | series = | volume = | issue = | publisher = | publication-place = | place = | language = | page = | pages = | no-pp = | at = | id = | isbn = | issn = | oclc = | pmid = | pmc = | bibcode = | doi = | doi-inactive-date= | zbl = | url = | access-date = | format = | archive-url = | archive-date = | url-status = | quote = | separator = | postscript = | ref = }}

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

• parent
• OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
  • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
  • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

COinS

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

• Use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template, is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be rendered in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example  , –, etc, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. Do not include Wiki markup '' (italic font) or ''' (bold font) because these markup characters will contaminate the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

• |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
• |chapter=, |contribution=, |entry=, |article=, |section=
• |title=
• |publication-place=, |publicationplace=, |place=, |location=
• |date=, |year=, |publication-date=, |publicationdate=
• |series=, |version=
• |volume=
• |issue=, |number=
• |page=, |pages=, |at=
• |edition=
• |publisher=, |distributor=, |institution=
• |url=
• |chapter-url=, |chapterurl=, |contribution-url=, |contributionurl=, |section-url=, |sectionurl=
• |author#=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |last#=, |surname#=
• |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |first#=, |given#=
• any of the named identifiers (|isbn=, |issn=, |doi=, |pmc=, etc)

What's new

Deprecated

The following parameters are deprecated. Their use will place the page into Category:Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters:

• coauthor · coauthors: Use last# / first# or author or authors
• Ref: Use ref

Description

Authors

• last: Surname of author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: last1, surname, surname1, author, author1.
  • first: Given or first names of author, including title(s); for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: first1, given, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
  • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, authorlink, authorlink1, author1-link, author1link.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: authorlink1 through authorlinkn, or author1-link through authorn-link, or author1link through authornlink.
  • name-list-format: displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to vanc and when the list uses last/first parameters for the name list(s)
• vauthors: comma separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses:

  |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))

  • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
• authors: Free-form list of author names; not an alias of last
• translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
  • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-first, translator1-first, translator-first1.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
  • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
• others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.

When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Editors

• editor-last: Surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-last, editor, editor1.
  • editor-first: Given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-first.
  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editor-surnamen or editorn-last; editor-givenn or editorn-first; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=...|editor-last1=...|editor2=....

• editor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
• OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
• name-list-format: displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to vanc and when the list uses last/first parameters for the name list(s)

• veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses:

  |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))

• editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in |veditors=, as described above

• editors: Free-form list of editor names; not an alias of editor-last

Display:

If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.

If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

Exactly four editors will show three editors followed by "et al." then "(eds.)" or "eds." (depending upon presence of authors). When five or more editors are listed, all of them will be displayed. Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.

Title

• type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.

• language: The language in which the source is written. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. Use the full language name or ISO 639-1 code. When the source uses more than one language, list them individually, separated by commas, e.g. |language=French, German. The use of language names or language codes recognized by Wikimedia adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of श्रेणी:CS1 foreign language sources; do not use templates or wikilinks. Note: When the language is "English" (or "en"), no language is displayed in the citation.

Date

• date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.^[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.

For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", add as |date=n.d.

• year: Year of source being referenced. Use of |date= is recommended unless all of the following conditions are met:

1. The template uses |ref=harv, or the template is {{citation}}, or |mode=cs2
2. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
3. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.

• orig-year: Original publication year; displays after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-year=First published 1859 or |orig-year=Composed 1904.

Work

Publisher

• publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, website). Not normally used for periodicals. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc" or "GmbH" are not usually included. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title; if work is defined, then publisher is enclosed in parentheses.
• place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the location; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title; if work is defined, then location is enclosed in parentheses. Alias: location
• publication-place: If any one of publication-place, place or location are defined, then the location shows after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location are shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
• publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
• via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g. NewsBank), when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), if the deliverer requests attribution, or as requested in WP:The Wikipedia Library (e.g. Credo, HighBeam). See also registration and subscription parameters.

Edition, series, volume

• series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.

In-source locations

• page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |nopp=y.
• OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |nopp=y. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use |at=.
  • nopp: Set to y, yes, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover.
• OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.

Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.

URL

• url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove spurious tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... See WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com.
  • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is not required for links to copies of published research papers accessed via DOI or a published book, but should be used for links to news articles on commercial websites (these can change from time to time, even if they are also published in a physical medium). Note that access-date is the date that the URL was checked to not just be working, but to support the assertion being cited (which the current version of the page may not do). Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
  • archive-url: The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite (see Wikipedia:Using WebCite) and Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine); requires archive-date and url. Alias: archiveurl.
    • archive-date: Date when the original URL was archived; preceded by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink. Alias: archivedate.
    • dead-url: When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |dead-url=no. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original url has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |dead-url=unfit or |dead-url=usurped will not link to the original url in the rendered citation; |url= is still required. Other accepted values are y, yes, or true. Alias: deadurl.
  • template-doc-demo: The archive parameters will be error checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else {{citation error}} is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into one of the subcategories of Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |template-doc-demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
• format: Format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Automatically added when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: will require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

sp	"	'	<	>	[	]	{	|	}
%20	%22	%27	%3c	%3e	%5b	%5d	%7b	%7c	%7d

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

Chapter URL

Anchor

कृपया § Identifiers सँग भ्रमित नहुनुहोस्।

यस शीर्षकमा थप जानकारीको लागि #Anchored citations हेर्नुहोस ।

• ref: ID for anchor. By default, no anchor is generated. The ordinary nonempty value |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The special value |ref=harv generates an anchor suitable for the {{harv}} template. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Identifiers

कृपया § Anchor सँग भ्रमित नहुनुहोस्।

• id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable.

These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. rfc=822 or pmc=345678.

• arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or arxiv=0706.0001 or arxiv=1501.00001 (since April 2007). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html".
• asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn.
  • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: au, br, ca, cn, co.jp, co.uk, de, es, fr, it, mx
• bibcode: Bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H
• doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.).
  • doi-broken-date: Date the DOI was found to be non-working at http://dx.doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Alias: doi_brokendate, doi-inactive-date
• isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Dashes in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, prefix the number with a zero; thus, SBN 902888-45-5 should be entered as |isbn=0-902888-45-5. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Alias: ISBN
• ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Alias: ISMN
• issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space.
• jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik
• jstor: JSTOR abstract; for example: jstor=3793107 will generate JSTOR 3793107.
• lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case.
• mr: Mathematical Reviews
• oclc: OCLC; WorldCat's (Online Computer Library Center)
• ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value.
• osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information
• pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for full-text free repository of a journal article, e.g. pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the pmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers.
  • embargo: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date.
• pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier. See also the pmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers.
• rfc: Request for Comments
• ssrn: Social Science Research Network
• zbl: Zentralblatt MATH

Quote

• quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes.

Laysummary

• lay-url: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". Aliases: lay-summary, laysummary.
  • lay-source: Name of the source of the laysummary. Displays in italics and preceded by an endash. Alias: laysource.
  • lay-date: Date of the summary. Displays in parentheses. Alias: laydate.

Display options

• mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator is a semicolon (;); terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
• author-mask: Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way.
• display-authors: Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of authors, set display-authors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, all authors are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayauthors.
• display-editors: Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed except when there are four editors, then the editor list in the citation is truncated to three editors, followed by "et al." This exception mimics the older version of the template for compatibility. If a citation contains four editor names and one wishes all four editor names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |display-editors=4. |display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayeditors.
• last-author-amp: Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( & ) when set to y, yes, or true. Example: |last-author-amp=yes
• postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to none. Ignored if quote is defined.

Subscription or registration required

These parameters add a link note to the end of the citation:

• registration: For online sources that require registration, set |registration=yes (or y, or true); superseded by subscription if both are set.
• subscription: For online sources that require a subscription, set |subscription=yes (or y, or true); supersedes registration if both are set.

Examples

Books

Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name.

{{Citation | last1 = Lincoln | first1 = A. | last2 = Washington | first2 = G. | last3 = Adams | first3 = J. | name-list-style = amp | title = All the Presidents' Names | publisher = The Pentagon | place = Home Base, New York | volume = XII | edition = 2nd | year = 2007 }}

Lincoln, A.; Washington, G.; Adams, J. (२००७), All the Presidents' Names XII (2nd संस्करण), Home Base, New York: The Pentagon।

Web

Web page	{{Citation | url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/ | title = NPS Focus | work = National Register of Historic Places | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | access-date = November 30, 2010 | ref = none }}	"NPS Focus", National Register of Historic Places (National Park Service), अन्तिम पहुँच नोभेम्बर ३०, २०१०।
Archived page	{{Citation | url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | title = Earth's Atmosphere | access-date = October 25, 2007 | publisher = [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] | year = 1995 | author = NASA | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http:// liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | archive-date = October 13, 2007 }}	NASA (१९९५), Earth's Atmosphere, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, मूलबाट अक्टोबर १३, २००७-मा सङ्ग्रहित, अन्तिम पहुँच अक्टोबर २५, २००७।

Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals

Journal article	{{Citation | last = Hill | first = Marvin S. | title = Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 12 | issue = 2 | year = 1976 | pages = 1–8 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf }}	Hill, Marvin S. (१९७६), "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties", BYU Studies 12 (2): 1–8।
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier	{{Citation | last1 = Mandelkern | first1 = M | last2 = Elias | first2 = J | last3 = Eden | first3 = D | last4 = Crothers | first4 = D | display-authors = 2 | title = The dimensions of DNA in solution | journal = J Mol Biol | volume = 152 | issue = 1 | pages = 153–161 | year = 1981 | pmid = 7338906 | doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1 }}	Mandelkern, M; Elias, J et al. (१९८१), "The dimensions of DNA in solution", J Mol Biol 152 (1): 153–161, डिओआई:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1, पिएमआइडी 7338906।
Newspaper article	{{Citation | last = Smith | first = Joseph III | author-link = Joseph Smith III | title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma | newspaper = The Saints' Herald | location = Plano, IL | volume = 26 | issue = 19 | date = October 1, 1879 | page = 289 | url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/ IL/sain1872.htm#100179 }}	Smith, Joseph III (अक्टोबर १, १८७९), "Last Testimony of Sister Emma", The Saints' Herald (Plano, IL) 26 (19): २८९।

Conference papers and public lectures

Conference paper	{{Citation | last = Sullivan | first = D.B. | contribution = Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years | year = 2001 | title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. | publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology | contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf }}	Sullivan, D.B. (२००१), "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years", 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp., National Institute of Standards and Technology।
Lecture	{{Citation | last = Habicht | first = Christian | contribution = Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers | year = 1988 | title = David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World | publisher = Princeton University | page=14 }}	Habicht, Christian (१९८८), "Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers", David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World, Princeton University, पृ: १४।

Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles

Manuscript published in an edited compilation	{{Citation | last = Bidamon | first = Emma Smith | author-link = Emma Hale Smith | chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim | date = March 27, 1876 | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | publication-date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }}	Bidamon, Emma Smith (मार्च २७, १८७६), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", in Vogel, Dan, Early Mormon Documents 1, Signature Books (प्रकाशित मिति १९९६), आइएसबिएन 1-56085-072-8।
Work with an editor but no author	{{Citation | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }}	Vogel, Dan, सम्पादक (१९९६), Early Mormon Documents 1, Signature Books, आइएसबिएन 1-56085-072-8।
Encyclopedia article by a named author	{{Citation | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | year=1999 | title = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | location = London | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }}	Kramer, Martin (१९९९), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing (London: Fitzroy Dearborn) 1: 719–720।
Encyclopedia article with no named author	{{Citation | title = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | year = 1999 | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | location = London | url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }}	Boyd, Kelley, सम्पादक (१९९९), "Bernard Lewis", Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing (London: Fitzroy Dearborn) 1: 719–720।

Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article

Manuscript edited and published in a journal	{{Citation | last = Knight | first = Joseph, Sr. | year = 1833 | editor-last = Jessee | editor-first = Dean | title = Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | publication-date = 1976 | page = 35 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf }}	Knight, Joseph, Sr. (१८३३), "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History", in Jessee, Dean, BYU Studies (१९७६) 17 (1): ३५।
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.	{{Citation | last = Klingensmith | first = Philip | type = Affidavit | date = September 5, 1872 | place = Lincoln County, Nevada | title = Mountain Meadows Massacre | editor-last = Toohy | editor-first = Dennis J. | journal = Corinne Daily Reporter | publication-date = September 24, 1872 | publication-place = Corinne, Utah | volume = 5 | issue = 252 | page = 1 | url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359 }}	Klingensmith, Philip (सेप्टेम्बर ५, १८७२), "Mountain Meadows Massacre", written at Lincoln County, Nevada, in Toohy, Dennis J., Corinne Daily Reporter (Affidavit) (Corinne, Utah, प्रकाशित मिति सेप्टेम्बर २४, १८७२) 5 (252): १।

Press release

Press release with quotation

{{Citation | url = https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html | title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day | publisher = Apple Inc | access-date = April 10, 2010 | quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3 | ref = none}}

Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day, Apple Inc, अन्तिम पहुँच अप्रिल १०, २०१०, "in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3"

Anchored citations

कृपया § Identifiers सँग भ्रमित नहुनुहोस्।

This template can generate a citation that can be combined with shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing. It does this by creating an HTML anchor containing an ID. The special parameter |ref= generates an anchor ID suitable for Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} as specified in the next section; an anchor ID is generated by default.

To disable anchor generation, specify |ref=none. You can also specify the ID directly, using the |ref=ID parameter. For example, suppose an article's References section contains the markup:

• {{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |date=1930 |ref=CivDis}}

which generates the citation:

• Sigmund Freud (१९३०), Civilization and Its Discontents। 

Then, the markup "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])" generates a parenthetical reference "(Freud 1930)" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).

Anchors for Harvard referencing templates

IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors (or editors, if no authors are given) and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}" generates the Harvard reference "(Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix)", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:

• {{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |date=1851 |oclc=59510372}}
• Wright, Thomas; Evans, R. H. (१८५१), Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray, London: Henry G. Bohn, ओसिएलसी 59510372। 

In this example the {{citation}} template defines, and the {{harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, {{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}} generates "CITEREFWrightEvans1851".

Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{harvnb}} template enclosed in the <ref></ref> html code, or to use the {{sfn}} template alone. The example above would be <ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref> or {{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}} both of which generate a footnote, such as

17. Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix

The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead.

Last names are used, as specified by the parameters |last1= (or |last=), |last2=, |last3=, and |last4=, and similarly for |editor1-last= etc. and for |inventor1-last= etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=The Ego and the Id |date=1923}}" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "{{harv|Freud|1923}}". To make these {{citation}} and {{harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "|author=Sigmund Freud" with "|first=Sigmund |last=Freud", or add "|ref={{harvid|Freud|1923}}" to the {{citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "|ref=EgoId") to both the {{citation}} and the {{harv}} invocations.

Similarly, the year is used, as specified by |year=. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from |date= (or, if no date is given, from |publication-date=) by applying the MediaWiki § Time function. This heuristic works with most common date formats (American, International and ISO 8601 standard format YYYY-MM-DD as listed in WP:MOS), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use |year=.

IDs must be unique

Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{harv}}-compatible IDs:

• Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. (२००८a), "Association of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders and Loss of Family Income", Pediatrics 121 (4): e821–e826, डिओआई:10.1542/peds.2007-1594, पिएमआइडी 18381511। 
• Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. (२००८b), "Child Care Problems and Employment Among Families with Preschool-aged Children with Autism in the United States", Pediatrics 122 (1): e202–e208, डिओआई:10.1542/peds.2007-3037, पिएमआइडी 18595965। 

If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "CITEREFMontesHalterman2008". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g. "|date=2008a" and "|date=2008b", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.

It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the W3C Markup Validation Service; see External links.

Dates

Tools

See Wikipedia:Citing sources § Citation templates and tools for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. Click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template in articles based on this TemplateData.

Citationको कागजात

The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.

ढाँचा प्यारामिटरहरू[ढाँचा डाटा सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

This template has custom formatting.

मापदण्ड		विवरण	प्रकार	स्थिति
Last name	last author author1 last1	The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	रेखा	सुझावित
First name	first first1	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	रेखा	सुझावित
Title of source	title	Title of source. Works display in italics and articles surrounded in quotation marks.	String	आवश्यक
Date of source	date	Full date of source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations.[1] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.	मिति	वैकल्पिक
URL of source	url	URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found.	String	सुझावित
Work	work journal website newspaper magazine encyclopedia encyclopaedia dictionary periodical	Name of the work in which the cited title is found	String	सुझावित
Volume	volume	For one publication published in several volumes	रेखा	सुझावित
Issue	issue number	Issue number	String	वैकल्पिक
Page	page	Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Pages	pages	Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'	रेखा	सुझावित
Publication date	publication-date	Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.	String	वैकल्पिक
Date format	df	Sets rendered dates to the specified format	String	वैकल्पिक
Year of publication	year	Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed	सङ्ख्या	वैकल्पिक
Postscript	postscript	Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Ignored if quote is defined.	String	वैकल्पिक
Editor last name	editor-last editor editor-surname editor-last1 editor-surname1 editor1 editor1-last editor1-surname	The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Editor first name	editor-first editor-first1 editor-given1 editor1-first editor1-given	The given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Author mask	author-mask	Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way.	String	वैकल्पिक
Original date	orig-date	Original date of publication; provide specifics	सङ्ख्या	वैकल्पिक
Translated title	trans-title	An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	सामग्री	वैकल्पिक
Script Title	script-title	Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script उदाहरण ja:東京タワー	String	सुझावित
Translated chapter title	trans-chapter	An English language chapter title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	सामग्री	वैकल्पिक
Type	type	Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case	सामग्री	वैकल्पिक
URL access date	access-date	The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink	मिति	सुझावित
Archive URL	archive-url	The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'	रेखा	सुझावित
URL status	url-status	The status of the URL- live, dead, usurped/unfit (inappropriate content) or deviated (different content) प्रस्तावित मानहरू live dead usurped unfit deviated	अज्ञात	सुझावित
Series	series version	Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version'	सामग्री	वैकल्पिक
At	at	May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
No pp	no-pp	Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Chapter	chapter	The chapter heading of the source	String	वैकल्पिक
contribution	contribution	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन	String	वैकल्पिक
chapter-url	chapter-url	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन	String	वैकल्पिक
contribution-url	contribution-url	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन	String	वैकल्पिक
chapter-format	chapter-format	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन	String	वैकल्पिक
Others	others	Free-text field for people involved in creating a work who cannot be added with another name parameter such as author or editor	String	वैकल्पिक
Edition	edition	When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Location of publication	place location	Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked	String	वैकल्पिक
Place of publication	publication-place	Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'	सामग्री	वैकल्पिक
Publisher	publisher	Name of the publisher; displays after title	सामग्री	वैकल्पिक
Language	language	The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name; do not use icons or templates	सामग्री	वैकल्पिक
Format	format	Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML	सामग्री	वैकल्पिक
arXiv identifier	arxiv	An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
ASIN	asin ASIN	Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
ASIN TLD	asin-tld	ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Bibcode	bibcode	Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
biorXiv	biorxiv	biorXiv identifier; 6 digits	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
CiteSeerX	citeseerx	CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
DOI	doi DOI	Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'	String	वैकल्पिक
DOI broken date	doi-broken-date	The date that the DOI was determined to be broken	मिति	वैकल्पिक
ISBN	isbn	International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
ISSN	issn	International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
eISSN	eissn	International Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
jfm code	jfm	Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
JSTOR	jstor	JSTOR identifier	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
LCCN	lccn	Library of Congress Control Number	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
MR	mr	Mathematical Reviews identifier	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
OCLC	oclc	Online Computer Library Center number	सङ्ख्या	वैकल्पिक
OL	ol	Open Library identifier	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
OSTI	osti	Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
PMC	pmc	PubMed Center article number	सङ्ख्या	वैकल्पिक
PMID	pmid	PubMed Unique Identifier	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Semantic Scholar Corpus ID	s2cid S2CID	The Corpus identifier in Semantic Scholar. Displays as a link to the Semantic Scholar page. उदाहरण 84541141	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
RFC	rfc	Request for Comments number	सङ्ख्या	वैकल्पिक
SSRN	ssrn	Social Science Research Network	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Zbl	zbl	Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
id	id	A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Quote	quote	Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation	सामग्री	वैकल्पिक
Ref	ref	An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Name list style	name-list-style	Sets the style for the list. Accepts 'amp', 'and', and 'vanc'. amp displays an ampersand after the penultimate name; and the same with 'and', and vanc displays in Vancouver format	String	वैकल्पिक
Display authors	display-authors	number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; must be less than the number listed	सङ्ख्या	वैकल्पिक
Archive date	archive-date	Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink	मिति	सुझावित
Last name 2	last2 author2 surname2	The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2' instead.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
First name 2	first2 given2	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Last name 3	last3 author3 surname3	The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3' instead.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
First name 3	first3 given3	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Last name 4	last4 author4 surname4	The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4' instead.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
First name 4	first4 given4	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Last name 5	last5 author5 surname5	The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5' instead.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
First name 5	first5 given5	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Last name 6	last6 author6 surname6	The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6' instead.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
First name 6	first6	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Last name 7	last7 author7 surname7	The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7' instead.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
First name 7	first7 given7	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Last name 8	last8 author8 surname8	The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8' instead.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
First name 8	first8 given8	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Last name 9	last9 author9 surname9	The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9' instead. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
First name 9	first9 given9	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Author link	author-link author1-link author-link1	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Author link 2	author-link2 author2-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Author link 3	author-link3 author3-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Author link 4	author-link4 author4-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the forth author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Author link 5	author-link5 author5-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Author link 6	author-link6 author6-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Author link 7	author-link7 author7-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Author link 8	author-link8 author8-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Author link 9	author-link9 author9-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Editor last name 2	editor2-last editor2	The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor first name 2	editor2-first editor2-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor last name 3	editor3-last editor3	The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor first name 3	editor3-first editor3-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor last name 4	editor4-last editor4	The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor first name 4	editor4-first editor4-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor last name 5	editor5-last editor5	The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor first name 5	editor5-first editor5-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor last name 6	editor6-last editor6	The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor first name 6	editor6-first editor6-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor last name 7	editor7-last editor7	The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor first name 7	editor7-first editor7-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor last name 8	editor8-last editor8	The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor first name 8	editor8-first editor8-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor last name 9	editor9-last editor9	The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
Editor first name 9	editor9-first editor9-given	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.	रेखा	वैकल्पिक
editor-link	editor-link	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन	String	वैकल्पिक
editor1-link	editor1-link	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन	String	वैकल्पिक
editor2-link	editor2-link	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन	String	वैकल्पिक
editor3-link	editor3-link	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन	String	वैकल्पिक
editor4-link	editor4-link	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator last name	translator-last translator translator-last1 translator1 translator1-last	The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator first name	translator-first translator1-first translator-first1	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator link	translator-link translator-link1 translator1-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Translator last name 2	translator-last2 translator2 translator2-last	The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator first name 2	translator-first2 translator2-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator last name 3	translator-last3 translator3 translator3-last	The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator first name 3	translator-first3 translator3-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator last name 4	translator-last4 translator4 translator4-last	The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator first name 4	translator-first4 translator4-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator last name 5	translator-last5 translator5 translator5-last	The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator first name 5	translator-first5 translator5-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator last name 6	translator-last6 translator6 translator6-last	The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator first name 6	translator-first6 translator6-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator last name 7	translator-last7 translator7 translator7-last	The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator first name 7	translator-first7 translator7-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator last name 8	translator-last8 translator8 translator8-last	The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator first name 8	translator-first8 translator8-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator last name 9	translator-last9 translator9 translator9-last	The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator first name 9	translator-first9 translator9-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.	String	वैकल्पिक
Translator link 2	translator-link2 translator2-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Translator link 3	translator-link3 translator3-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Translator link 4	translator-link4 translator4-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Translator link 5	translator-link5 translator5-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Translator link 6	translator-link6 translator6-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Translator link 7	translator-link7 translator7-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Translator link 8	translator-link8 translator8-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Translator link 9	translator-link9 translator9-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
URL access level	url-access	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन प्रस्तावित मानहरू registration limited subscription	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
DOI access level	doi-access	Requires DOI value. प्रस्तावित मानहरू free	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
bibcode-access	bibcode-access	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन प्रस्तावित मानहरू free	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
jstor-access	jstor-access	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन प्रस्तावित मानहरू free	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Semantic Scholar Corpus ID (s2cid) Access Level	s2cid-access	कुनैपनि विवरण छैन प्रस्तावित मानहरू free	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.

See also

• Wikipedia:Citation templates
• Wikipedia:Inline citation
• Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing
• For a comparison of citations using templates with citations written freehand, see Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods § Footnotes

Notes

माथिको कागजात ढाँचा:Citation/कागजातबाट समावेश गरिएको छ। (सम्पादन गर्नुहोस् | इतिहास)
सम्पादकहरूले यस ढाँचाको प्रयोगस्थल (सिर्जना गर्नुहोस् | नक्कल गर्नुहोस्) र परीक्षण (सिर्जना गर्नुहोस्) पृष्ठहरूमा प्रयोग गर्न सक्छन्।
/कागजात उपपृष्ठमा श्रेणीहरू थप्नुहोस्। यस ढाँचाका उपपृष्ठहरू।