[[चित्र:Nicéphore_Niépce_Oldest_Photograph_1825.jpg|left|thumb|Earliest known surviving heliographic engraving, 1825, printed from a metal plate made by Nicéphore Niépce.<ref name="utexas">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfp/heliography.html|title=The First Photograph – Heliography|accessdate=29 September 2009|quote=from Helmut Gernsheim's article, "The 150th Anniversary of Photography," in History of Photography, Vol. I, No. 1, January 1977: ...In 1822, Niépce coated a glass plate... The sunlight passing through... This first permanent example... was destroyed... some years later.}}</ref> The plate was exposed under an ordinary engraving and copied it by photographic means. This was a step towards the first permanent photograph taken with a camera.]]
=== एक्सपोजर र प्रतिपादन ===
[[चित्र:Freak_Out,_Oblivion,_night.jpg|thumb|Manual shutter control and exposure settings can achieve unusual effects.]]
[[चित्र:Star_trails_over_the_VLT_in_Paranal.jpg|thumb|Star trails produced by long exposure photography in Chile.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Star Trails over the VLT in Paranal|url=http://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1350a/|work=ESO Picture of the Week|accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref>]]