"उर्दु भाषा" का संशोधनहरू बिचको अन्तर

सा →‎उर्दूको अक्षर: हिज्जे मिलाउँदै
सा →‎उर्दूको अक्षर: हिज्जे मिलाउँदै
पङ्क्ति ११:
<table border="2">
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#999999">अक्षर (अकेला)</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">Name of letter</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">
<p dir="ltr">अक्षर का नाम</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">
उच्चारण</th>
<th bgcolor="#999999">
IPAमा उच्चारण</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ا</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''alif''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">अलिफ </td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Arial">अ, आ</font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ə, ɑ:]</span> after a consonant;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ب</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''be''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA">बे </span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ब</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[b]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">پ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''pe''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA">पे</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">प</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[p]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ت</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''te *''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA">ते</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">त</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">dental [t̪]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ٹ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ṭe''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA">टे</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
<span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ट</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> retroflex <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ʈ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ث</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''se''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">से</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">स</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[s]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ج</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''jīm''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">जीम</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ज</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[dʒ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">چ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ce''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">चे</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">च</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[tʃ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ح</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''baṛī he''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">बड़ी हे</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ह</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[h]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">خ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''xe''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ख़े</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ख़</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[x]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">د</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''dāl''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">दाल</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">द</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">dental <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[d̪]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ڈ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ḍāl''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">डाल</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ड</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">retroflex <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ɖ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ذ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''zāl''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">जाल</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ज</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[z]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ر</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''re''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">रे</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">र</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">dental <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[r]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ڑ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ṛe''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ड़े</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ड़</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">retroflex <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ɽ] flap </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ز</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ze''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">जे</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ज</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[z]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ژ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ze''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">जे</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ज</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ʒ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">س</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''sīn *''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">सीन</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">स</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[s]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ش</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''śīn''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">शीन</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">श</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ʃ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ص</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''svād''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">स्वाद</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">स</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[s]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ض</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''zvād''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ज्वाद</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ज</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[z]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ط</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''to''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">तो</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">त</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[t]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ظ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''zo''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">जो</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ज</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[z]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ع</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''aen''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">'अएन</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Arial">'अ</font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ɑ:]</span> after a consonant;
<p>otherwise <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ʔ]</span>,
<span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ə]</span>, or silent.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">غ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''ġaen''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">ग़एन</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ग़</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ɣ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ف</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''fe''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">फे</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">फ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[f]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ق</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''qāf''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">क़ाफ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">क़</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[q]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ک</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''kāf''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">काफ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">क</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[k]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">گ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''gāf''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">गाफ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ग</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[g]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ل</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''lām''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">लाम</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ल</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[l]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">م</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''mīm''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">मीम</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">म</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[m]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ن</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''nūn''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">नून</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Arial">न</font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[n]</span> or a nasal vowel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">و</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''vāo''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">वाओ</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">व,
उ, ऊ, ओ, औ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[v, u, ʊ, o,au]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ہ, ﮩ, ﮨ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''choṭī he''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">छोटी हे</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Arial">ह्, अः, (आ)</font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ɑ]</span> at the end of
a word,
<p>otherwise <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[h]</span> or silent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ھ</span></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''do caśmī he''</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">दो चश्मी हे</td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Arial">-ह (फ, थ, ठ, छ, भ,
</font>
<p><font face="Arial">ध, झ, घ बनाउनको लागि)</font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">indicates that the preceding consonant is
<p>aspirated (p, t, ch, k) or murmured (b, d, j, g).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ی</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''choṭī ye''</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">छोटी ये</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">य, ई, ए, ऐ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[j, i, e, ɛ]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ے</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''baṛī ye''</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">बड़ी ये</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="IPA"><font face="Arial">ऐ</font></span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[eː]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">ء</span></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">''hamzā''</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">हम्जा</td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><font face="Arial">'अ, -</font></td>
<td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">[ʔ]</span> or silent</td>
</tr>
</table>
"https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/उर्दु_भाषा" बाट अनुप्रेषित