"बुद्ध" का संशोधनहरू बिचको अन्तर

In [[Buddhism]], a '''Buddha''' ([[Sanskrit]], [[Pāli]]) is any being who has become fully awakened (enlightened), has permanently overcome [[greed]], [[hate]], andर [[ignorance]], andर has achieved complete liberation from [[suffering]]. Enlightenment (or Nirvana (Pali: Nibbana) is the highest form of happiness. It only applies to the first one who has achieved this without prior knowledge of Buddhism. When all knowledge of Buddhism is lost andर one becomes enlightened then we have a true Buddha. The name Buddha today is commonly used to refer to [[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha Gautama]] (Pali: Siddhattha Gotama), the historical founder of [[Buddhism]]. ''Buddha'' literally means "awakened" or "that which has become aware". It is the [[past participle]] of the [[Sanskrit]] root ''budh'', i.e. "to awaken", "to know", or "to become aware". The word ''Buddha'' is simply a title that means 'The Awakened One'.

The teachings of the Buddha are called the Dharma (Pali: Dhamma). The Dharma teaches that all suffering arises from attachments, particularly attachments to worldly desires. Nirvana is achieved by learning to achieve peace andर ignore these attachments one would have with certain objects.

A typical misconception tends to link Buddha as the Buddhist counterpart of the entity known as [[God]]; however, Buddhism is non-theistic, in the sense of not generally teaching the existence of a supreme Creator God (see [[God in Buddhism]]) or depending on any supreme being for enlightenment, in Buddhism, Buddha is a guide andर teacher who points the way. The commonly accepted definition of the term "God" refers to a being who not only rules but actually created the Universe in the [[Origin belief|Beginning]]. Such ideas andर concepts are disputed by Buddha andर Buddhists in many of उनका discourses. The supreme origin andर creator of our world andर universe isn't God in Buddhism, but [[Avidya]] or ignorance. Buddhists try to dispel this darkness through constant practice, wisdom andर compassion known as [[prajna]].

Buddhism teaches that anyone can become awakened andर experience [[Nirvana]]. [[Theravada]] Buddhism teaches that one doesn't need to become a Buddha to become awakened andर experience Nirvana, since an [[Arahant]] (Sanskrit: Arhat) also has those qualities. Some Buddhist texts such as the [[Lotus Sutra]] imply that all beings will become Buddhas at some point in time.

In the [[Pali Canon]], there are considered to be two types of Buddhas: [[Samyaksambuddha]] (Sammasambuddha) andर [[Pratyekabuddha|Pratyeka Buddha]] (Paccekabuddha).

1. [[Samyaksambuddha]]s (Pali: ''Sammasambuddha'') attains Buddhahood andर decides to teach others the truth that he has discovered. They lead others to awakening by teaching the [[Dharma]] in a time or world where it has been forgotten or has not been taught before. The Historical Buddha, [[Siddhartha Gautama]], is considered a Samyak-sambuddha. See also the [[List of the 28 Buddhas|list of 28 sammasambuddhas]]

2. [[Pratyekabuddha]]s (Pali: ''Paccekabuddha''), sometimes called Silent Buddhas) are similar to Samyaksambuddhas in that they attain [[Nirvana]] andर acquire the same powers as a Sammasambuddha does, but they choose not to teach what they have discovered.

They are second to the Buddhas in their spiritual development. They do ordain others; their admonition is only in reference to good andर proper conduct (abhisamācārikasikkhā). In some texts, the Paccekabuddha is described as one who understands the Dharma by उनका own efforts, but does not obtain omniscience nor mastery over the Fruits (phalesu vasībhāvam).[http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/pa/pacceka_buddha.htm]

Disciples of a Sammasambuddha are called [[Savaka]]s (hearers or followers) or [[Arahants]] (Noble One). These terms have slightly varied meanings but can all be used to describe the enlightened disciple. ''Anubuddha'' is a rarely used term, but was used by the Buddha in the ''Khuddakapatha''<ref> Ratanasutta:56</ref> as to those who become Buddhas after being given instruction. Enlightened disciples attain Nirvana andर Parinirvana as the two types of Buddhas do. The most generally used term for them is [[Arahant]].

One 12th century Theravadin commentary uses the term Savakabuddha to describe the enlightened disciple. According to this scripture there are 3 types of Buddhas. In this case, however, the common definition of the meaning of the word Buddha (as one who discovers the Dhamma without a teacher) does not apply any more. Mainstream Theravadin andर Mahayana scriptures do not recognize this term andर state there are only two kinds of Buddha.

:#teacher of the Divine Gods andर humans

These 9 characteristics are frequently mentioned in the [[Pali Canon]], andर are chanted daily in many Buddhist monasteries.

All traditions hold that a Buddha has completely purified उनका mind of greed, aversion andर ignorance, andर that he has put an end to [[samsara]]. A Buddha is fully awakened andर has realized the ultimate truth, the non-dualistic nature of life, andर thus ended (for himself) the [[suffering]] which unawakened people experience in life.

From the [[Pali Canon]] emerges the view that Buddha was human, endowed with the greatest psychic powers ([[Kevatta Sutta]]). The body andर mind (the five [[khandha]]s) of a Buddha are impermanent andर changing, just like the body andर mind of ordinary people. However, a Buddha recognizes the unchanging nature of the [[Dharma (Buddhism)|Dharma]], which is an eternal principle andर an unconditioned andर timeless phenomenon. This view is common in the Theravada school, andर the other [[early Buddhist schools]].

Some schools of Mahayana Buddhism believe that the Buddha is no longer essentially a human being but has become a being of a different order altogether andर that the Buddha, in उनका ultimate transcendental "body/mind" mode as [[Dharmakaya]], has an eternal andर infinite life (see [[eternal Buddha]]) andर is possessed of great andर immeasurable qualities. In the [[Mahaparinirvana Sutra]] the Buddha declares: "Nirvana is stated to be eternally abiding. The Tathagata [Buddha] is also thus, eternally abiding, without change." This is a particularly important metaphysical andर soteriological doctrine in the [[Lotus Sutra]] andर the [[Tathagatagarbha]] sutras. According to the Tathagatagarbha sutras, failure to recognise the Buddha's eternity andर - even worse - outright denial of that eternity is deemed a major obstacle to the attainment of complete Awakening ([[bodhi]]).

Buddhas are frequently represented in the form of statues andर paintings. Commonly seen designs include:

*''[[Hotei]]'', the obese, [[Laughing Buddha]], usually seen in [[China]]. This figure is believed to be a representation of a medieval Chinese monk who is associated with Maitreya, the future Buddha, andर it is therefore not technically a Buddha image.

The poses andर hand-gestures of these statues, known respectively as [[asana]]s andर [[mudra]]s, are significant to their overall meaning. The popularity of any particular mudra or asana tends to be region-specific, such as the ''[[Vajra]]'' (or ''Chi Ken-in'') mudra, which is popular in [[Japan]] andर [[Korea]] but rarely seen in [[India]]. Others are more universally common, for example, the ''Varada'' (Wish Granting) mudra is common among standing statues of the Buddha, particularly when coupled with the ''Abhaya'' (Fearlessness andर Protection) mudra.

* [http://www.accesstoinsight.org Very extensive database of sutras andर other Buddhist articles]

* [http://www.mettaforest.org/ Free dhamma talks andर articles]

* [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00ambedkar/ambedkar_buddha/ The Buddha andर His Dhamma]

* [http://www.bswa.org Hundreds of free buddhist talks andर a huge forum.]

* [http://www.buddhanature.com Songs andर Meditations of the Tibetan Dhyani Buddhas]

[[Category:Buddhist deities, bodhisattvas, andर demons]]