"मिश्रका पिरामिडहरू" का संशोधनहरू बिचको अन्तर
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साकुनै सम्पादन सारांश छैन |
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पङ्क्ति १२:
By the time of the early Dynastic period of Egyptian history, those with sufficient means were buried in visually unremarkable bench-like structures known as [[Mastaba|mastabas]]. The first historically documented pyramid is attributed to the architect [[Imhotep]], who in constructing a tomb for the pharaoh [[Djozer]], first conceived the notion of stacking a number of mastabas on top of each other — thereby creating an edifice comprised of a number of steps that decreased in size towards its apex. The result was the [[Pyramid of Djozer|Step Pyramid of Djozer]] — which was designed to serve as a gigantic stairway by which the soul of the deceased pharaoh could ascend to the heavens. Such was the importance of Imhotep's achievement that he was deified by later Egyptians.
The most prolific pyramid-building phase coincided with the greatest degree of absolutist [[Pharaoh|pharaonic]] rule, during the early part of the Old Kingdom. Over time, as the exercise of pharaonic authority became less centralised
Long after the end of Egypt's own pyramid-building period, a burst of pyramid-building occurred in what is present-day [[Sudan]]), after much of Egypt came under the rule of the Kings of [[Napata]]. Whilst Napatan rule was brief
==निर्माण प्रविधि==
The techniques used to construct Egypt's pyramids were initially developed by trial
During the earliest period, in the Third
During the Fifth Dynasty the physical scale of pyramids was much reduced,
During the Middle Kingdom pyramid construction techniques changed again. Most pyramids built at this time were little more than mountains of mud brick encased in a veneer of polished limestone. In several cases, later pyramids were built on top of natural hills to further reduce the volume of material needed in their construction.
Paradoxically, the materials
==पिरामिड क्षेत्रहरु==
पङ्क्ति ३६:
[[Image:pyramid_of_djedefre_01.jpg|right|thumb|250px|जेदेफ्रेको भत्केको पिरामिड]]
अबु रबास is the site of Egypt's most northerly pyramid — the mostly ruined Pyramid of [[Djedefre]], the son
[[Menkaure]] — the third largest of the [[Giza]] pyramids. On this basis Djedefre's edifice would have claimed the title of the fourth or fifth largest pyramid in Egypt.
Unfortunately its location adjacent to a major crossroads made it an easy source of stone,
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== गिजा ==
[[Image:pyramids_at_giza_01.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Giza pyramid field, viewed from the southwest. Dominating the picture from foreground to background are the Pyramids of Menkaure, Khafre
[[गिजा]], on the southern outskirts of [[Cairo]] is the location of the [[Pyramid of Khufu]] (also known as the "Great Pyramid"
Of the three, only Khafre's pyramid retains part of its original polished limestone casing, towards its apex. Interestingly this pyramid appears larger than the adjacent Khufu pyramid by virtue of its more elevated location,
The गिजा necropolis has arguably been the world's most popular tourist destination since antiquity,
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पङ्क्ति ५५:
[[Image:pyramid_of_khaba_01.jpg|right|thumb|250px|खाबाको अधुरो पिरामिड]]
This site, half way between गिजा
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== अबु सर ==
[[Image:pyramids_of_niuserre_and_neferirkare_01.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Pyramids of Niuserre
There are a total of seven pyramids at this site, which served as the main royal necropolis during the Fifth Dynasty. The quality of construction of the Abu Sir pyramids is inferior to those of the Fourth Dynasty — perhaps signaling a decrease in royal power or a less vibrant economy. They are smaller than their predecessors,
The three major pyramids are those of [[Niuserre]] (which is also the most intact), [[Nferirkare]]
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पङ्क्ति ६९:
[[Image:pyramid_of_djozer_01.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Step Pyramid of Djozer]]
Major pyramids at [[सक्कारा]] include the [[Pyramid of Djozer|Step Pyramid of Djozer]] — the world's oldest monumental stone building — the [[Pyramid of Userkaf]]
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पङ्क्ति ७५:
[[Image:pyramid_of_sneferu_bent_01.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The southern or "Bent" Pyramid of Sneferu at दसुर. Uniquely, this pyramid retains much of its original polished limestone casing.]]
[[दसुर]] is arguably the most important pyramid field in Egypt वाहिर Giza
The southern Pyramid of [[Sneferu]], commonly known as the [[Bent Pyramid]] is believed to be the first (or by some accounts, second) attempt at creating a pyramid with smooth sides. In this it was only a partial — but nonetheless visually arresting — success; it remains the only Egyptian pyramid to retain a significant proportion of its original limestone casing,
The northern, or [[Red Pyramid]] built at the same location by Sneferu was later successfully completed as the world's first true smooth-sided pyramid. Despite its relative obscurity, the Red Pyramid is actually the third largest pyramid in Egypt — after the pyramids of [[Khufu]]
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पङ्क्ति ८५:
[[Image:pyramid_of_amenemhet_01.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The ruined Pyramid of Amenemhet I at Lisht]]
Two major pyramids are known to have been built at Lisht — those of [[Amenemhat I]]
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पङ्क्ति ९१:
[[Image:pyramid_of_sneferu_meidun_01.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Sneferu's Pyramid at Meidun; the central core structure remains, surrounded by a mountain of rubble from the collapsed outer casing]]
The pyramid at [[मेइदुन]] is one of three constructed during the reign of [[Sneferu]],
The pyramid suffered a catastrophic collapse in antiquity,
It has been suggested that the collapse occurred while construction was underway on the [[Bent Pyramid]] at Dashur (also built by Sneferu),
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पङ्क्ति १०१:
[[Image:pyramid_of_amenemhet_hawarra_01.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Pyramid of Amenemhet III at Hawarra, viewed from the east.]]
[[Amenemhet III]] was the last powerful ruler of the 12th Dynasty,
In common with all Middle Kingdom pyramids it was built almost entirely of mud brick faced with limestone. Most of the stone was later pillaged for use in other buildings — a fate common to almost all of Egypt's pyramids —
The huge mortuary temple that originally stood adjacent to this pyramid is believed to have formed the basis of the [[labyrinth]] mentioned by such ancient historians as [[Herodotus]], [[Strabo]]
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पङ्क्ति १११:
[[Image:pyramid_of_senwosret_01.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Pyramid of Senwosret II. The pyramid's natural limestone core is clearly visible as the yellow stratum at its base.]]
The pyramid of [[Senwosret II]] at Il Lahun is the southernmost pyramid structure in Egypt. Its builders reduced the amount work necessary to construct it by ingeneously using as its foundation
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