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==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="nature.com crowds wisdom">{{cite web |title = Technical solutions: Wisdom of the crowds |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/peerreview/debate/nature04992.html |website = Nature |access-date = October 10, 2006}}</ref>
<ref name=modelling>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia%27s_growth |title = Wikipedia: Modelling Wikipedia's growth |access-date = December 22, 2007 |date = July 31, 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Alexa siteinfo">{{cite web |title=Wikipedia.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors |url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org |publisher=[[Alexa Internet]] |access-date=October 1, 2019}}</ref>
<ref name=comscore>{{cite web |url=https://www.comscore.com/press/release.asp?press=849 |title = 694 Million People Currently Use the Internet Worldwide According To comScore Networks |date = May 4, 2006 |publisher = comScore |access-date = December 16, 2007 |quote = Wikipedia has emerged as a site that continues to increase in popularity, both globally and in the US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080730011713/https://www.comscore.com/press/release.asp?press=849 |archive-date = July 30, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="Wikipedia users">{{cite web |first1 = Lee |last1 = Rainie |first2 = Bill |last2 = Tancer |title = Wikipedia users |publisher = Pew Research Center |website = Pew Internet & American Life Project |date = December 15, 2007 |quote = 36% of online American adults consult Wikipedia. It is particularly popular with the well-educated and current college-age students. |url=https://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Wikipedia07.pdf |access-date = December 15, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306031354/https://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Wikipedia07.pdf |archive-date = March 6, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="Wikipedia in media">{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_the_media |title = Wikipedia:Wikipedia in the media |website = Wikipedia |access-date = December 26, 2008 |date = July 4, 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Bourgeois">{{cite web |url=https://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf |title = Bourgeois et al. v. Peters et al. |access-date = February 6, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203021430/https://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200216886.pdf |archive-date = February 3, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="Courts turn to Wikipedia">{{cite news |last = Cohen |first = Noam |author-link=Noam Cohen |date = January 29, 2007 |title = Courts Turn to Wikipedia, but Selectively |work = The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/29/technology/29wikipedia.html |access-date = December 26, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="US Intelligence">{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/blog/secrecy/2007/03/the_wikipedia_factor_in_us_int.html |title = The Wikipedia Factor in US Intelligence |first = Steven |last = Aftergood |publisher = Federation of American Scientists Project on Government Secrecy |date = March 21, 2007 |access-date = April 14, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="Declan">{{cite journal |last = Butler |first = Declan |date = December 16, 2008 |title = Publish in Wikipedia or perish |journal = Nature News |doi = 10.1038/news.2008.1312}}</ref>
<ref name=MiliardWho>{{cite news |url=https://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-5129-feature-wikipediots-who-are-these-devoted-even-obsessive-contributors-to-wikipedia.html |first = Mike |last = Miliard |title = Wikipediots: Who Are These Devoted, Even Obsessive Contributors to Wikipedia? |work = [[Salt Lake City Weekly]] |date = March 1, 2008 |access-date = December 18, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name=Time2006>{{cite news |date = December 13, 2006 |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1570810,00.html |title = Time's Person of the Year: You |magazine = Time |access-date = December 26, 2008 |first = Lev |last = Grossman}}</ref>
<ref name="AcademiaAndWikipedia">{{cite web |first = Danah |last = Boyd |url=https://many.corante.com/archives/2005/01/04/academia_and_wikipedia.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060316184224/https://many.corante.com/archives/2005/01/04/academia_and_wikipedia.php |url-status=dead |archive-date = March 16, 2006 |title = Academia and Wikipedia |website = Many 2 Many: A Group [[Blog|Weblog]] on Social Software |publisher = Corante |date = January 4, 2005 |access-date = December 18, 2008 |quote = [The author, Danah Boyd, describes herself as] an expert on social media[,] [...] a doctoral student in the School of Information at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] [,] and a fellow at the [[Harvard University]] [[Berkman Center for Internet & Society]] [at [[Harvard Law School]].]}}</ref>
<ref name="MIT_IBM_study">{{cite book|first1 = Fernanda B. |last1 = Viégas |first2 = Martin |last2 = Wattenberg |first3 = Kushal |last3 = Dave |url=https://alumni.media.mit.edu/~fviegas/papers/history_flow.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060125025047/https://alumni.media.mit.edu/~fviegas/papers/history_flow.pdf |archive-date = January 25, 2006 |title = Studying Cooperation and Conflict between Authors with History Flow Visualizations |journal = Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) |pages = 575–582 |year = 2004 |doi = 10.1145/985921.985953 |isbn = 978-1581137026 |s2cid = 10351688 |access-date = January 24, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="CreatingDestroyingAndRestoringValue">{{cite journal |first1 = Reid |last1 = Priedhorsky |first2 = Jilin |last2 = Chen |author3 = Shyong (Tony) K. Lam |first4 = Katherine |last4 = Panciera |first5 = Loren |last5 = Terveen |first6 = John |last6 = Riedl |title = Creating, Destroying, and Restoring Value in Wikipedia |journal = Association for Computing Machinery GROUP '07 Conference Proceedings; GroupLens Research, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota |date = November 4, 2007 |url=https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~reid/papers/group282-priedhorsky.pdf |access-date = October 13, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025080718/https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~reid/papers/group282-priedhorsky.pdf |archive-date = October 25, 2007 |df = mdy-all|citeseerx = 10.1.1.123.7456 }}</ref>
<ref name="stallman1999">{{cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html |title = The Free Encyclopedia Project |first = Richard M. |last = Stallman |author-link = Richard Stallman |date = June 20, 2007 |publisher = Free Software Foundation |access-date = January 4, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news |url=https://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html |first = Jonathan |last = Sidener |title = Everyone's Encyclopedia |date = December 6, 2004 |work = [[U-T San Diego]] |access-date = October 15, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011150228/https://signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html |archive-date = October 11, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name=Meyers>{{cite news |first = Peter |last = Meyers |title = Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html?n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes+Topics%2FSubjects%2FC%2FComputer+Software|work = The New York Times |date = September 20, 2001 |quote = 'I can start an article that will consist of one paragraph, and then a real expert will come along and add three paragraphs and clean up my one paragraph,' said Larry Sanger of Las Vegas, who founded Wikipedia with Mr. Wales. |access-date = November 22, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="NPOV">"[[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view]], Wikipedia (January 21, 2007).</ref>
<ref name="EB_encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia |title = Encyclopedias and Dictionaries |encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica |edition = 15th |year = 2007 |volume = 18 |pages = 257–286 |author1 = <!-- Please add first missing authors to populate metadata. -->}}</ref>
<ref name=Shirky>{{cite book |first = Clay |last = Shirky |author-link = Clay Shirky |title = Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations |year=2008 |publisher = The Penguin Press via Amazon Online Reader |url=https://archive.org/details/herecomeseverybo0000shir |isbn = 978-1594201530 |page = [https://archive.org/details/herecomeseverybo0000shir/page/273 273] |access-date = December 26, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name=NOR>{{srlink|Wikipedia:No original research|No original research}}. February 13, 2008. "Wikipedia does not publish original thought."</ref>
<ref name=autogenerated2>{{srlink|Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|Neutral point of view}}. February 13, 2008. "All Wikipedia articles and other encyclopedic content must be written from a neutral point of view, representing significant views fairly, proportionately and without bias."</ref>
<ref name="voteresult">[[meta:Licensing update/Result|Wikimedia]]</ref>
<ref name=FAZ>{{cite web |last = Thiel |first = Thomas |title = Wikipedia und Amazon: Der Marketplace soll es richten |website = Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |publisher = [[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |language = de |date = September 27, 2010 |url=https://www.faz.net/s/RubCF3AEB154CE64960822FA5429A182360/Doc~E7A20980B9C0D46E99A9F60BC09506343~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html |access-date = December 6, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126184904/https://www.faz.net/s/RubCF3AEB154CE64960822FA5429A182360/Doc~E7A20980B9C0D46E99A9F60BC09506343~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html |archive-date = November 26, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="Seigenthaler">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2005-11-29-wikipedia-edit_x.htm |last = Seigenthaler |first = John |title = A False Wikipedia 'biography' |date = November 29, 2005 |work = USA Today |access-date = December 26, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="Torsten_Kleinz">{{cite news |first = Torsten |last = Kleinz |title = World of Knowledge |work = Linux Magazine |quote = The Wikipedia's open structure makes it a target for trolls and vandals who malevolently add incorrect information to articles, get other people tied up in endless discussions, and generally do everything to draw attention to themselves. |date = February 2005 |url=https://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/51/Wikipedia_Encyclopedia.pdf |access-date = July 13, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925220722/https://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/51/Wikipedia_Encyclopedia.pdf |archive-date = September 25, 2007 |df = mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="DeathByWikipedia">{{cite news |title = Death by Wikipedia: The Kenneth Lay Chronicles |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/08/AR2006070800135.html |first = Frank |last = Ahrens |newspaper = The Washington Post |date = July 9, 2006 |access-date = November 1, 2006}}</ref>
<ref name="wikiality">{{cite news |title = Wikiality |url=https://www.cc.com/video-clips/z1aahs/the-colbert-report-the-word---wikiality |first = Stephen |last = Colbert |date = July 30, 2006 |access-date = October 8, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="Seeing Corporate Fingerprints">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/19/technology/19wikipedia.html |title = Lifting Corporate Fingerprints From the Editing of Wikipedia |first = Katie |last = Hafner |work = The New York Times |date = August 19, 2007 |access-date = December 26, 2008 |page = 1}}</ref>
<ref name=Taylor>{{cite news |url=https://in.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idINIndia-32865420080405 |title = China allows access to English Wikipedia |work = Reuters |first = Sophie |last = Taylor |date = April 5, 2008 |access-date = July 29, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name=Kittur2009>{{cite conference |url=https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~echi/papers/2009-CHI2009/p1509.pdf |title=What's in Wikipedia?: mapping topics and conflict using socially annotated category structure |first1=Aniket |last1=Kittur |first2=Ed H. |last2=Chi |first3=Bongwon |last3=Shu |author2-link=Ed Chi |date=April 2009 |conference=CHI |book-title=CHI '09: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413130503/https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~echi/papers/2009-CHI2009/p1509.pdf |archive-date=April 13, 2016 |location=Boston; New York City |pages=1509–1512 |isbn=978-1605582467 |doi=10.1145/1518701.1518930}}</ref>
<!-- Not in use
<ref name=Rosenzweig>{{cite journal |first = Roy |last = Rosenzweig |title = Can History be Open Source? Wikipedia and the Future of the Past |journal = The Journal of American History |volume = 93 |issue = 1 |date = June 2006 |pages = 117–146 |url=https://chnm.gmu.edu/essays-on-history-new-media/essays/?essayid=42 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425130754/https://chnm.gmu.edu/essays-on-history-new-media/essays/?essayid=42 |url-status=dead |archive-date = April 25, 2010 |access-date = August 11, 2006 |doi = 10.2307/4486062 |jstor = 4486062}} (Center for History and New Media.)</ref>
Not in use-->
<ref name="WikipediaWatch">Public Information Research, Wikipedia Watch</ref>
<ref name="McHenry_2004">{{cite news |last1=McHenry |first1=Robert |title=The Faith-Based Encyclopedia |url=https://www.techcentralstation.com/111504A.html |work=[[TCS Daily|Tech Central Station]] |date=November 15, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060107210301/https://www.techcentralstation.com/111504A.html |archive-date=January 7, 2006}}</ref>
<ref name="WideWorldOfWikipedia">{{cite news |title = Wide World of Wikipedia |newspaper = The Emory Wheel |url=https://www.emorywheel.com/detail.php?n=17902 |date = April 21, 2006 |access-date = October 17, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107052908/https://www.emorywheel.com/detail.php?n=17902 |archive-date = November 7, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="AWorkInProgress">{{cite news |first = Burt |last = Helm |title = Wikipedia: 'A Work in Progress' |url=https://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2005/tc20051214_441708.htm |work = Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date = December 14, 2005 |access-date = January 29, 2007 |archive-date = April 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421000522/https://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2005/tc20051214_441708.htm}}</ref>
<ref name="GilesJ2005Internet">{{cite journal |first = Jim |last = Giles |title = Internet encyclopedias go head to head |journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume = 438 |issue = 7070 |pages = 900–901 |date = December 2005 |pmid = 16355180 |doi = 10.1038/438900a |author-link = Jim Giles (reporter) |bibcode = 2005Natur.438..900G|doi-access = free}} {{subscription required}}
Note: The study was cited in several news articles; e.g.:
* {{cite news |title = Wikipedia survives research test |work = BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4530930.stm |date = December 15, 2005 }}</ref>
<ref name="corporate.britannica.com">{{cite report |author=Encyclopædia Britannica |author-link=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=March 2006 |title=Fatally Flawed: Refuting the recent study on encyclopedic accuracy by the journal ''Nature'' |url=https://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709053629/https://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf |archive-date=July 9, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="stothart">Chloe Stothart. [https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=209408 "Web threatens learning ethos"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140310/https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=209408 |date=December 21, 2012}} ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'', 2007, 1799 (June 22), p. 2.</ref>
<ref name="wwplagiarism">{{cite web |title = Plagiarism by Wikipedia editors |url=https://www.wikipedia-watch.org/psamples.html |publisher = Wikipedia Watch |date = October 27, 2006 |archive-url=http://archive.today/20121228081706/http://www.wikipedia-watch.org/psamples.html |archive-date = November 25, 2009 |url-status=dead |df = mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="The Register-April">{{cite news |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/04/09/sanger_reports_wikimedia_to_the_fbi/ |work = The Register |date = April 9, 2010 |first = Cade |last = Metz |title = Wikifounder reports Wikiparent to FBI over 'child porn' |access-date = April 19, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name=AFP>{{cite news |last1 = Agence France-Presse |title = Wikipedia rejects child porn accusation |url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/wikipedia-rejects-child-porn-accusation-20100428-tsvh.html |work = The Sydney Morning Herald |date = April 29, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="David_Mehegan">{{cite news |first = David |last = Mehegan |title = Many contributors, common cause |url=https://www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2006/02/13/many_contributors_common_cause |work = Boston Globe |date = February 13, 2006 |access-date = March 25, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="user identification">{{cite web |title = The Authority of Wikipedia |url=https://www.public.iastate.edu/~goodwin/pubs/goodwinwikipedia.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122202231/https://www.public.iastate.edu/~goodwin/pubs/goodwinwikipedia.pdf |archive-date = November 22, 2009 |first = Jean |last = Goodwin |year = 2009 |quote = Wikipedia's commitment to anonymity/pseudonymity thus imposes a sort of epistemic agnosticism on its readers |access-date = January 31, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="ListOfWikipedias">{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics |title = Statistics |publisher = [[English Wikipedia]] |access-date = June 21, 2008 |date = October 4, 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="servers">{{cite web |url=https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/view/Server_roles |title = Server roles at wikitech.wikimedia.org |access-date = December 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116155841/https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/view/Server_roles |archive-date = January 16, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="WP_court_source">{{cite journal |last = Arias |first = Martha L. |date = January 29, 2007 |url=https://www.ibls.com/internet_law_news_portal_view.aspx?s=latestnews&id=1668 |title = Wikipedia: The Free Online Encyclopedia and its Use as Court Source |journal = Internet Business Law Services |access-date = December 26, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520054827/https://www.ibls.com/internet_law_news_portal_view.aspx?s=latestnews&id=1668 |archive-date = May 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |df = mdy-all}} (The name "''World Intellectual Property Office''" should however read "''World Intellectual Property Organization''" in this source.)</ref>
<ref name=twsY23>{{cite news |author = Lexington |title = Classlessness in America: The uses and abuses of an enduring myth |newspaper = The Economist |quote = Socialist Labour Party of America [...] though it can trace its history as far back as 1876, when it was known as the Workingmen's Party, no less an authority than Wikipedia pronounces it "moribund". |date = September 24, 2011 |url=https://www.economist.com/node/21530100 |access-date = September 27, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="Domesday Project">{{cite web |url=https://www.domesday1986.com/ |title = Website discussing the emulator of the Domesday Project User Interface |author = Heart Internet |access-date = September 9, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="OurProjects">[[:foundation:Our projects|"Our projects"]], [[Wikimedia Foundation]]. Retrieved January 24, 2007.</ref>
<ref name="Orlowski18">{{cite news |first = Andrew |last = Orlowski |author-link = Andrew Orlowski |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/09/18/sanger_forks_wikipedia |title = Wikipedia founder forks Wikipedia, More experts, less fiddling? |work = The Register |date = September 18, 2006 |quote = Larry Sanger describes the Citizendium project as a "progressive or gradual fork", with the major difference that experts have the final say over edits. |access-date = June 27, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="bing WP research and referencing">{{cite web |url=https://www.bing.com/community/site_blogs/b/search/archive/2009/07/27/researching-with-bing-reference.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023202054/https://www.bing.com/community/site_blogs/b/search/archive/2009/07/27/researching-with-bing-reference.aspx |archive-date=October 23, 2010 |title = Researching With Bing Reference |access-date = September 9, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="WP vandalism manipulation 1">{{srlink|Wikipedia:Vandalism|Vandalism}}. ''Wikipedia''. Retrieved November 6, 2012.</ref>
<ref name="WP CD selection 1">{{srlink|Wikipedia:Wikipedia CD Selection|Wikipedia CD Selection}}. Retrieved September 8, 2009.</ref>
<ref name="WP DB usage policy 1">{{srlink|Wikipedia:Database download|Wikipedia policies}} on data download</ref>
<ref name="J Sidener">{{cite news |url=https://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/tech/personaltech/20061009-9999-mz1b9wikiped.html |title = Wikipedia family feud rooted in San Diego |last = Sidener |first = Jonathan |date = October 9, 2006 |work = [[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111074945/https://legacy.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/tech/personaltech/20061009-9999-mz1b9wikiped.html |archive-date = November 11, 2016 |access-date = May 5, 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="WM dictionary 1">{{cite web |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_News&diff=prev&oldid=4133 |title = Announcement of Wiktionary's creation |publisher = meta.wikimedia.org |access-date = July 14, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="emory disputes handled 1">{{cite journal |title = Wikitruth through Wikiorder |ssrn = 1354424 |journal = Emory Law Journal |volume = 59 |issue = 1 |year = 2009 |page = 181 |first1 = David A. |last1 = Hoffman |first2 = Salil K.|last2 = Mehra}}</ref>
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