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"रुस-युक्रेन युद्ध" का संशोधनहरू बिचको अन्तर

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दृश्यात्मकविकिपाठ
कुनै सम्पादन सारांश छैन
सुधार
चिनोहरू: मोबाइल सम्पादन मोबाइल वेब सम्पादन
पङ्क्ति १:
 
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = रुस-युक्रेन युद्ध
Line १९ ⟶ १८:
| result = '''गतिरोध '''{{fact|date=November 2021}}
}}
'''रुस-युक्रेन युद्ध '''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l9KMDwAAQBAJ&q=timothy+snyder+road+to+unfreedom|title=The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America|last=Snyder|first=Timothy|publisher=Tim Duggan Books|year=2018|isbn=9780525574477|location=New York|page=197|quote=Almost everyone lost the Russo-Ukrainian war: Russia, Ukraine, the EU, the United States. The only winner was China.}}; {{Cite journal|last=Mulford|first=Joshua P.|date=2016|title=Non-State Actors in the Russo-Ukrainian War|journal=Connections|volume=15|issue=2|pages=89–107|issn=1812-1098|jstor=26326442|doi=10.11610/Connections.15.2.07|doi-access=free}}; {{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MhspDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Russo-Ukrainian+war%22&pg=PA134|title=Multicultural Societies and their Threats: Real, Hybrid and Media Wars in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe|last1=Shevko|first1=Demian|last2=Khrul|first2=Kristina|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|year=2017|isbn=9783643908254|editor-last=Gutsul|editor-first=Nazarii|location=Zürich|page=100|chapter=Why the Conflict Between Russia and Ukraine Is a Hybrid Aggression Against the West and Nothing Else|editor-last2=Khrul|editor-first2=Kristina}}</ref> ({{lang-uk|російсько-українська війна|rosiisko-ukrainska viina}}) रुस र युक्रेन बीच सन् २०१४ फेब्रुअरीमा शुरु भएको र अहिले पनि निरन्तर चलिरहेको [[युद्ध]] हो। यो युद्ध क्रिमिया र डोनबास क्षेत्रमा केन्द्रित छ, जुन क्षेत्रलाई पश्चिमा समुदायले युक्रेनको भाग मान्दछन्। ▼
 
युरोमैदान विरोध प्रदर्शन र २२ फेब्रुअरी २०१४ मा [[भिक्टर यानुकोभिच]] युक्रेनको राष्ट्रपति पदबाट हटेपछि, दर्ज्यानी चिन्ह बिनाका रुसी सेनाले क्रिमियाको रणनीतिक स्थान तथा पूर्वाधारमा नियन्त्रण लिएका थिए।▼
 
▲'''रुस-युक्रेन युद्ध '''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l9KMDwAAQBAJ&q=timothy+snyder+road+to+unfreedom|title=The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America|last=Snyder|first=Timothy|publisher=Tim Duggan Books|year=2018|isbn=9780525574477|location=New York|page=197|quote=Almost everyone lost the Russo-Ukrainian war: Russia, Ukraine, the EU, the United States. The only winner was China.}}; {{Cite journal|last=Mulford|first=Joshua P.|date=2016|title=Non-State Actors in the Russo-Ukrainian War|journal=Connections|volume=15|issue=2|pages=89–107|issn=1812-1098|jstor=26326442|doi=10.11610/Connections.15.2.07|doi-access=free}}; {{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MhspDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Russo-Ukrainian+war%22&pg=PA134|title=Multicultural Societies and their Threats: Real, Hybrid and Media Wars in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe|last1=Shevko|first1=Demian|last2=Khrul|first2=Kristina|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|year=2017|isbn=9783643908254|editor-last=Gutsul|editor-first=Nazarii|location=Zürich|page=100|chapter=Why the Conflict Between Russia and Ukraine Is a Hybrid Aggression Against the West and Nothing Else|editor-last2=Khrul|editor-first2=Kristina}}</ref> ({{lang-uk|російсько-українська війна|rosiisko-ukrainska viina}}) रुस र युक्रेन बीच सन् २०१४ फेब्रुअरीमा शुरुसुरु भएको रभएर अहिलेहालसम्म पनि निरन्तर चलिरहेको [[युद्ध]] हो। यो युद्ध क्रिमिया र डोनबास क्षेत्रमा केन्द्रित छ, जुन क्षेत्रलाई पश्चिमा समुदायले युक्रेनको भाग मान्दछन्।
सन् २०१४ मार्च १ मा, रुसको संघीय परिषदले सर्वसम्मतिले [[रुसी राष्ट्रपति]] [[भ्लादिमिर पुतिन]]लाई [[युक्रेन]]मा रहेको सैन्य बलको प्रयोग गर्न संकल्प प्रस्ताव पारित गरेको थियो। <ref>[http://council.gov.ru/events/news/39851/ The Federation Council gave approval on use of the Russian Armed Forces on territory of Ukraine (Совет Федерации дал согласие на использование Вооруженных Сил России на территории Украины)]. [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]]. 1 March 2014</ref> ▼
 
▲युरोमैदान विरोध प्रदर्शन र २२सन् २०१४ फेब्रुअरी २०१४२२ मा [[भिक्टर यानुकोभिच]] युक्रेनको राष्ट्रपति पदबाट हटेपछि, दर्ज्यानी चिन्ह बिनाका रुसी सेनाले क्रिमियाको रणनीतिक स्थान तथा पूर्वाधारमा नियन्त्रण लिएका थिए।
 
▲सन् २०१४ मार्च १ मा, रुसको संघीयसङ्घीय परिषदले सर्वसम्मतिले [[रुसी राष्ट्रपति]] [[भ्लादिमिर पुतिन]]लाई [[युक्रेन]]मा रहेको सैन्य बलको प्रयोग गर्न संकल्प प्रस्ताव पारित गरेको थियो। <ref>[http://council.gov.ru/events/news/39851/ The Federation Council gave approval on use of the Russian Armed Forces on territory of Ukraine (Совет Федерации дал согласие на использование Вооруженных Сил России на территории Украины)]. [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]]., 1 March 2014</ref>
 
यो प्रस्ताव पछि "क्रिमियाको फिर्ती" रुसी सैन्य कारबाही भएको थियो भयो। रुसकोथियो। जनमत सङ्ग्रह पछि रुसले [[रूसद्वारा क्रिमियाको बिलय|क्रिमियाको विलय]] गराएको थियो। रुसको यो कदमलाई निकै आलोचना गरिएको थियो। यो जनमत सङ्ग्रह रुसले आयोजना गरेको थियो जसमा क्रिमिया स्वायत्त गणतन्त्रका जनताले [[रुसी महासङ्घ]] मा जोडिने प्रस्तावमा मतदान गरेका थिए।<ref name="uk.reuters.com" /><ref name="Wpostx01">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2014/03/16/ccec2132-acd4-11e3-a06a-e3230a43d6cb_story.html |title=Crimeans vote in referendum on whether to break away from Ukraine, join Russia |first1=Carol |last1=Morello |first2=Pamela |last2=Constable |first3=Anthony |last3=Faiola |date=17 March 2014 |access-date=17 March 2014 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="Maskarovka">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b050674y|title=BBC Radio 4 – Analysis, Maskirovka: Deception Russian-Style|work=BBC|access-date= 11 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/putin-changes-course-admits-russian-troops-were-in-crimea-before-vote/2014/04/17/b3300a54-c617-11e3-bf7a-be01a9b69cf1_story.html|title=Putin's remarks raise fears of future moves against Ukraine&nbsp;— The Washington Post|work=washingtonpost.com|access-date=14 September 2014|first=Kathy|last=Lally|date=17 April 2014}}</ref>
 
अप्रिलमा, युक्रेनको दोनबास क्षेत्रमा रहेका रुस-समर्थक समूहको प्रदर्शन पछि युक्रेन सरकार र रुस-समर्थक पृथकतावादी बीच युद्ध चर्किएको थियो। उनीहरूले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रता घोषणा गरेका थिए। अगस्टमा रुसी सैन्य दोनेक्स क्षेत्रका कयौँ स्थानमा सिमापार गरेका थिए।<ref name="tg01xaa" /><ref name="Time0x01">{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3142580/ukrain-russia-luhansk-donetsk-rebels-reinforcements/|agency=TIME|author=Per Liljas|title=Rebels in Besieged Ukrainian City Reportedly Being Reinforced|date=19 August 2014|access-date=28 August 2014|work=Time}}</ref><ref name="how the war transformed">{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/how-the-war-zone-transformed-between-june-16-and-sept-19-infographic-365795.html|title=How the war zone transformed between June 16 and Sept. 19|work=KyivPost|date=25 September 2014|access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="tanks white circles">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-tanks-exclusive-idUSKCN0IC1GE20141023|title=Exclusive: Charred tanks in Ukraine point to Russian involvement|work=Reuters | date=23 October 2014}}</ref><ref>unian, 8 April 2015 [http://www.unian.info/war/1065276-debaltseve-pocket-in-donbas-was-created-by-russian-troops-yashin.html debaltseve pocket created by Russian troops – yashin]</ref> सेप्टेम्बरको प्ररम्भमा भएको युक्रेनी बलको पराजयको कारण यही रुसी सैन्यको कदम देखिन्छ। <ref name="ch40x02">Channel 4 News, 2 September 2014 [http://www.channel4.com/news/tensions-still-high-in-ukraine-video tensions still high in Ukraine]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/17/ukraine-ceasefire-frontline-counting-cost-war-uneasy-calm|title=Ukraine ceasefire leaves frontline counting cost of war in uneasy calm|author=Luke Harding|work=The Guardian|date=17 December 2014|access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref>
 
अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायका अधिकांश सदस्य <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/infographics/countries-react-to-russian-intervention-in-crimea.html|title=The world reacts to Russia's military intervention in Crimea|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2016/11/15/un-committee-passes-resolution-on-crimea-condemning-russian-occupation.html|title=UN committee passes resolution on Crimea, condemning Russian occupation {{!}} Toronto Star|website=thestar.com|date=15 November 2016|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscepa.org/news-a-media/press-releases/2273-osce-parliamentary-assembly-adopts-resolution-condemning-russia-s-actions-in-ukraine|title=OSCE Parliamentary Assembly adopts resolution condemning Russia's continuing actions in Ukraine|website=www.oscepa.org|access-date=9 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313194936/http://www.oscepa.org/news-a-media/press-releases/2273-osce-parliamentary-assembly-adopts-resolution-condemning-russia-s-actions-in-ukraine|archive-date=13 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> र [[एमनेस्टी इन्टरनेसनल]] जस्ता सङ्गठनले <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2014/09/ukraine-mounting-evidence-war-crimes-and-russian-involvement/|title=Ukraine: Mounting evidence of war crimes and Russian involvement|website=www.amnesty.org|date=7 September 2014|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref> युक्रेनमामा २०१४ को क्रान्ति पछि भएको रुसी कदमको निन्दा गरेका छन्। उनीहरूले रुसले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानुन तोडेको तथा युक्रेनको सार्वभौमिकतालाई उल्लङ्घन गरेको आरोप लगाएका छन्। धेरै देशले रुस, रुसी व्यक्ति वा कम्पनी माथि प्रतिबन्ध लगाएका छन्। <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Overland|first1=Indra|last2=Fjaertoft|first2=Daniel|date=2015|title= Financial Sanctions Impact Russian Oil, Equipment Export Ban's Effects Limited|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281776234|journal=Oil and Gas Journal|volume=113|issue=8|pages=66–72}}</ref>
 
२०१५ अक्टोबर मा, '''[[द वासिङटन पोस्ट]]'''लेपोस्टले रुसले आफ्नो केही सैन्य एकाइलाई युक्रेनबाट सिरियामा राष्ट्रपति [[बसर अल असद]]को सहायताको लागि परिचालन गरेको जनाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/10/24/russia-said-to-redeploy-special-ops-forces-from-ukraine-to-syria/ |title=Russia said to redeploy special-ops forces from Ukraine to Syria |publisher=[[Fox News Channel]] |date=24 October 2015 |access-date=24 October 2015 |quote="The special forces were pulled out of Ukraine and sent to Syria," a Russian Ministry of Defense official said, adding that they had been serving in territories in eastern Ukraine held by pro-Russia rebels. The official described them as "akin to a Delta Force," the U.S. Army's elite counterterrorism unit. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024085128/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/10/24/russia-said-to-redeploy-special-ops-forces-from-ukraine-to-syria/ |archive-date=24 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> २०१५ डिसेम्बरमा, रुसका राष्ट्रपति [[भ्लादिमिर पुतिन]]ले रुसी सैन्य गुप्तचर अधिकारी युक्रेनमा काम गरिरहेको स्वीकर गरेका थिए, यद्यपि उनीहरू नियमित सेनाको हिस्सा नभएको कुरा पनि उनले बताएका थिए।<ref name="GN151217">{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Shaun|date=17 December 2015|title=Putin admits Russian military presence in Ukraine for first time|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=Moscow|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/vladimir-putin-admits-russian-military-presence-ukraine}}</ref> २०१९ फेब्रअरि सम्म, युक्रेनको ७% भूभाग बाहिरी नियन्त्रणमा रहेको छ।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/ga12122.doc.htm| title=Speakers Urge Peaceful Settlement to Conflict in Ukraine, Underline Support for Sovereignty, Territorial Integrity of Crimea, Donbas Region |date=20 February 2019| access-date= 16 May 2019 | publisher=United Nations}}</ref>
 
== पृष्ठभूमि ==
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