"औद्योगिक क्रान्ति" का संशोधनहरू बिचको अन्तर

साकुनै सम्पादन सारांश छैन
साकुनै सम्पादन सारांश छैन
पङ्क्ति ४:
 
औद्योगिक क्रान्तिको सुरुवात बेलायतमा भयो र धेरै प्राविधिक तथा यान्त्रिक आविष्कारहरू बेलायती मुलका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title= Reconceptualizing the Industrial Revolution |last1= Horn|first1=Jeff |last2= Rosenband|first2= Leonard|last3= Smith|first3= Merritt|year= 2010|publisher =MIT Press|location=Cambridge MA, London |isbn= 978-0-262-51562-7}}</ref><ref>E. Anthony Wrigley, "Reconsidering the Industrial Revolution: England and Wales." ''Journal of Interdisciplinary History'' 49.01 (2018): 9–42.</ref> १८ औं शताब्दीको मध्य सम्ममा बेलायत विश्वको अग्रणी व्यापारिक राष्ट्र थियो,<ref>{{cite book|title= Capitalism: A complete understanding of the nature and value of human economic life|last=Reisman|first= George|year= 1998|isbn= 978-0-915463-73-2
|publisher =Jameson Books |page=127}}</ref> र यसले अमेरिका र क्यारिबियनमा उपनिवेश, भारतीय उपमहाद्वीपमा सैन्य तथा राजनैतिक प्रभुत्व सहितको वैश्विक व्यापारिक साम्राज्यको नियन्त्रण गरेको थियो। <ref name="tong">{{cite book |first=Junie T. |last=Tong |year=2016 |title=Finance and Society in 21st Century China: Chinese Culture Versus Western Markets |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_UQGDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA151 |publisher=CRC Press |page=151 |isbn=978-1-317-13522-7}}</ref><ref name="esposito">{{cite book |editor-first1=John L. |editor-last1=Esposito |editor1-link=John L. Esposito |year=2004 |title=The Islamic World: Past and Present |volume=Volume 1: Abba - Hist. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KZcohRpc4OsC&pg=PT190 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=174 |isbn=978-0-19-516520-3}}</ref><ref name="rayB">{{cite book |first=Indrajit |last=Ray |year=2011 |title=Bengal Industries and the British Industrial Revolution (1757-1857) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CHOrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 |publisher=Routledge |pages=7–10 |isbn=978-1-136-82552-1}}</ref><ref name="David_Landes_1999"/> Theव्यापार developmentव्यवसायमा ofविकास trade andउदय theनै riseऔद्योगिक ofक्रान्तिको businessमुख्य wereकारण among the major causes of the Industrial Revolution.थियो।<ref name="David S. Landes 1969"/>{{rp|15}}<!--Laws also shaped the revolution, such as courts ruling in favor of [[property rights]]. An entrepreneurial spirit and consumer revolution helped drive [[industrialisation]] in Britain which after 1800 was emulated in Belgium, the United States, and France.<ref name="Kiely"/> -->
==सुधार ==
 
The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists have said the most important effect of the Industrial Revolution was that the [[standard of living]] for the general population in the western world began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to meaningfully improve until the late 19th and 20th centuries.<ref name="Lectures on Economic Growth"/><ref name="Feinstein2014"/><ref name="SzreterMooney2014"/>