"औद्योगिक क्रान्ति" का संशोधनहरू बिचको अन्तर

कुनै सम्पादन सारांश छैन
साकुनै सम्पादन सारांश छैन
पङ्क्ति ३:
रोजगार,पूँजी लागानी र उत्पादन मुल्यको हिसाबले टेक्सटाइल उद्योग औद्योगिक क्रान्तिको समयमा अग्रणी उद्योग थियो। आधुनिक उत्पादन प्रक्रिया सुरु गर्ने पहिलो उद्योग पनि टेक्स्टाइल उद्योग नै थियो।<ref name="David S. Landes 1969">{{cite book|first= David S.|last= Landes|date=1969|title= The Unbound Prometheus|publisher= Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge|isbn= 978-0-521-09418-4}}</ref>{{rp|40}}
 
Theऔद्योगिक Industrialक्रान्तिको Revolutionसुरुवात beganबेलायतमा inभयो [[Kingdom ofधेरै Greatप्राविधिक Britain|Greatतथा Britain]]यान्त्रिक andआविष्कारहरू manyबेलायती ofमुलका the [[Innovation|technological]] and [[British industrial architecture|architectural innovations]] were of British origin.थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title= Reconceptualizing the Industrial Revolution |last1= Horn|first1=Jeff |last2= Rosenband|first2= Leonard|last3= Smith|first3= Merritt|year= 2010|publisher =MIT Press|location=Cambridge MA, London |isbn= 978-0-262-51562-7}}</ref><ref>E. Anthony Wrigley, "Reconsidering the Industrial Revolution: England and Wales." ''Journal of Interdisciplinary History'' 49.01 (2018): 9–42.</ref> By१८ theऔं mid-18thशताब्दीको centuryमध्य Britainसम्ममा wasबेलायत theविश्वको world'sअग्रणी leadingव्यापारिक commercialराष्ट्र nationथियो,<ref>{{cite book|title= Capitalism: A complete understanding of the nature and value of human economic life|last=Reisman|first= George|year= 1998|isbn= 978-0-915463-73-2
|publisher =Jameson Books |page=127}}</ref> र यसले अमेरिका र क्यारिबियनमा उपनिवेश, भारतीय उपमहाद्वीपमा सैन्य तथा राजनैतिक प्रभुत्व सहितको वैश्विक व्यापारिक साम्राज्यको नियन्त्रण गरेको थियो। controlling a global trading empire with [[Territorial evolution of the British Empire|colonies]] in North America and the Caribbean, and with major military and political hegemony on the [[Indian subcontinent]], particularly with the [[Proto-industrialization|proto-industrialised]] [[Mughal Bengal]], through the activities of the [[East India Company]].<ref name="tong">{{cite book |first=Junie T. |last=Tong |year=2016 |title=Finance and Society in 21st Century China: Chinese Culture Versus Western Markets |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_UQGDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA151 |publisher=CRC Press |page=151 |isbn=978-1-317-13522-7}}</ref><ref name="esposito">{{cite book |editor-first1=John L. |editor-last1=Esposito |editor1-link=John L. Esposito |year=2004 |title=The Islamic World: Past and Present |volume=Volume 1: Abba - Hist. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KZcohRpc4OsC&pg=PT190 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=174 |isbn=978-0-19-516520-3}}</ref><ref name="rayB">{{cite book |first=Indrajit |last=Ray |year=2011 |title=Bengal Industries and the British Industrial Revolution (1757-1857) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CHOrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 |publisher=Routledge |pages=7–10 |isbn=978-1-136-82552-1}}</ref><ref name="David_Landes_1999"/> The development of trade and the rise of business were among the major causes of the Industrial Revolution.<ref name="David S. Landes 1969"/>{{rp|15}}<!--Laws also shaped the revolution, such as courts ruling in favor of [[property rights]]. An entrepreneurial spirit and consumer revolution helped drive [[industrialisation]] in Britain which after 1800 was emulated in Belgium, the United States, and France.<ref name="Kiely"/> -->
 
The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists have said the most important effect of the Industrial Revolution was that the [[standard of living]] for the general population in the western world began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to meaningfully improve until the late 19th and 20th centuries.<ref name="Lectures on Economic Growth"/><ref name="Feinstein2014"/><ref name="SzreterMooney2014"/>